International Tax Compliance In India: What Changed Recently
The rulebook has moved, and it has moved fast.
The Income-tax Act, 2025 replaced the six-decade-old 1961 Act from 1 April 2026, and the Income-tax Rules, 2026 were notified in March 2026. The core international tax and transfer pricing framework survived, but section numbers, forms and timelines have been reorganised. If your internal templates and TDS working files still quote old sections, they need a clean-up to align with current tax laws.
On withholding tax, the domestic rate on royalty and fees for technical services paid to non-residents is 20% plus surcharge and cess, which is crucial for tax planning services. India's tax treaties with over 90 countries often bring that down to 10% or 15%, and sometimes 5%, which is crucial for corporate tax strategies. But the lower rate is not automatic, and tax risks must be carefully evaluated. Without a valid tax residency certificate, the treaty declaration and a no-PE confirmation, the officer can simply apply the domestic rate, and the Indian payer carries the cost.
The equalisation levy is now history, a significant change in the landscape of corporate tax. The 2% levy on e-commerce supply went in August 2024, and the 6% online advertising levy ended on 1 April 2025, impacting various tax issues. Payments to foreign digital vendors are now tested under ordinary withholding rules and significant economic presence provisions, so old payment classifications deserve a fresh look.
On transfer pricing, the 2026 rules rationalised the safe harbour regime and made the advance pricing agreement process faster. Compliance itself is unchanged in spirit: price related-party dealings at arm's length using one of the six prescribed methods, keep contemporaneous documentation, file the accountant's report in Form 3CEB, maintain a Master File where consolidated group revenue crosses ₹500 crore, and file CbCR where it crosses ₹6,400 crore.
GAAR, the BEPS measures of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, and the Multilateral Instrument sit above all of this. Large groups also need to track how Pillar Two minimum tax rules being adopted in other countries affect their international tax planning and transfer pricing policies.